![]() ![]() ![]() Also during the 19th century, as part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, it was seen that states of suffering and states of pleasure could also be adaptive. Bentham (1823) pointed out that rationality was not the important factor animals could suffer and that was what mattered animals had intrinsic value. During the Enlightenment, philosophers started to realize that the distinction was not clear-cut animals had some rationality. This meant that animals had only instrumental value and could be used in any way that human beings desired. Up until the 17th century, philosophers regarded animals as being quite distinct from human beings human beings had rationality whereas animals had none. This paper traces the relationship of humankind to animals from the ancient Greeks to the 21st century. (Eds), Animal Welfare: From Science to Law, 2019, pp.13-19. ![]() To cite this article (suggested): Duncan I.J.H., « Animal Welfare: A Brief History », In: Hild S. Professor Emeritus, Emeritus Chair in Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Canada ![]()
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